29 Eylül 2011
We started
with an introduction lecture.
Trademark
What are
trademarks? à Trademarks indicate the origin of
the goods and services. Critical person is always you which is consumer.
Trademarks send messages to consumer to purchase the goods and these trademarks
gives you some clues to choose. The chooses are personal decisions.
Costumer
confision is a critical term for trademark. You don’t want to get confused and
your confusion is make the trademark looses the value.
The Case
Louboutin
The red
sole says you lots of thing like “I’m rich”… Lubotin saying I have a trademark
which is indicating the origin of goods. In order to claim infringement of
trademark you need a registered trademark. Louboutin registered the colour of
red as a trademark. Sounds, noices, logos can be registered as trademarks. But
colours are little bit different.
The
chromatic band is not an appropriate trademark therefore I cannot infringe it.
Read the
why it matter part of this case…
Hells
Angels Case
Slayts
Page 1
·
Unfair
competition
o What is it?
o How does it relate to TM?
·
US:
o Common law: ownership is automatic
as soon as it is first used in trade (coca cola example) or at the point
secondary meaning is achieved
o Federal TM statutes (Lanham Act)
§ Enhanced comman law protecetion
·
Assistance
by US customs
·
Presumption
of ownership and validity after 5 years of use after registration
·
Federal,
nationawide application
§ Means of registerin nationally and
seeking international proetection.
Check out
what is innovent!!!
Page2
·
Decree
law 556 (1995)
o
The
aim of the Decree-Law is to protect the trademarks registered in conformity
with its provisions.
o
The
Decree-Law encompasses the principles, the rules and the conditions for the
protection of trademark.
Decree Law à KHK demek. The difference decree law and law
is the origin. In turkey its Decree Law 556 is regulating the trademarks. It
tells who can get trade mark in what condition and what is the results of the
infringement of trademarks.
Page 3
·
The
protection conferred by the Decree-Law is available to natural and legal
persons who are domiciled or who have industrial or commercial establishments
within the territory of the Turkish Republic, or to the persons who have
application rights resulting from the terms of the Paris or Bern Conventions or
the Agreements Establishing World Trade Organization.
There is no
international trademark, trademarks are domestically. If you want to have
protection in another country You apply to TPE and after investigation enough
they may be give you trade mark will be given to you in turkey but if want a
trade markin US as well but you have to TPE to forward to countries you choose.
You produce
Zoe shoes and go to the market and you use the mark for ™ . It shows that you
haven’t yet registered. You apply to TPE (Turkish patent enstitute) and after
they make their search if they say okay you got it now you can use ® as
registered trademark.
We talked
about if there is zoe restaurant and you want to produce some products such as
zoe shoe then it is okay. But there is exception for really well known
trademarks.
Page 4
·
Trademark,
provided that it is capable of distinguishing the goods and services of one
undertaking from the goods and ser…
Page 5
·
Trademarks.
Goods manufactured by x from goods manufactured by y.
·
Service
marks: service must be sufficiently separate from the sale of goods: Service
received at benetton or MCD’s?
·
Certification
marks: objective standard that certifies that goods or services have certain
standards: ISO, CEE
·
Collective
marks: Co-ops (distinguish good of services of members from non members)
·
Indication
of origin
This slide
may be a question because everyone said I got it.
Page 6
-Distinctivness
·
A
mark must be distinctive: so as to convey that one good is distinct from
another
o
Attention:
distinctive-suggestive,descriptive
·
Hierarchy:
o
Inherently
distinctivness:
§ Arbitrary or fanciful marks
·
Suggestive
marks: indirectly describe a product or service they identify. There must be a
material process by consumer to associate the mark with the description of the
good (is suggesticve descriptive?)
o
Immagination
and knowledge required to makes the link
§ Ex. Nanotego, blueray,Microsoft,
Pegasus, coppertone
o
Will
a competitior need to use it to describe their product
·
Acquired
distinctivness (2nd meaning)
o
Descriptive:
§ Describes the product: “Fastauto”;
“Automag”, “After tan”
§ Describe a geo location where the
good is coming from
§ A persons name: How is “Simith’s
Café” different from Hilton, Hyattor or MacDonald’s?
§ A mark commonly used in connection with
the good
·
Generic:
describes a class of goods or its genus (class) www, email, sedan, but also
aspirin, escalator, thermos, yo-yo, zipper(loss of distinctivness)
This slide
will be asked in the mid-term or final exam… these are good trademarks. Generic
trems are not trademarkable (that bad)
Page 7 à 2nd meaning
·
When
the mark is seen by consumer not in its primary common, descripteve or name
sense but there is an associaton of indication of source
·
Mantaining
distnctiveness: use as an adjective not a verb or a noun:
o
Do
you have a Kleenex?
o
Fed
ex me the contract
o
Do
you have Gillette?
§ TR/US?
“What is
secondary meaning?” is a classic exam question.
Page 8à Limitations
·
Scandalous-immoral
marks
·
Disparage
another: elvisisandidiot, bmwiscrap
·
False
suggestion of connction with persons or institutions
·
Deceptive
o
Misdescribe
a characteristic or statement of a character: “genuine Turkish French
champagne”, Kobe beef steakhouse,
o
Deceptively
similar: SONY-SUNY? Bose-Boz?
·
Prior
Use
Esra.bartin@inovent.com.tr’a mail atarak slaytları alabilirsiniz. Şimdi
öğrendiğim için öncekileri yazmıştım ama artık gerek kalmadı. Yani bundan sonra
slaytları alıp üstüne not tutarız. Adam olun şimdi…
06 Ekim 2011
Geçtiğimiz
haftaların notları için Gamze Yelbey’in efe ciltteki notlarına bakabilirsiniz.
We have to
finish trademarks and start to patents.
What is a
trademark? What is its purpose? à The classic version is “trademarks
indicate the origin of the goods and services.” Based in this associates a
trademarks gives us a message… So you should remember the best trademarks. And
how to do it… Remember the types…
What is the
secondary meaning? à Mac Donalds etc… are actual people
name. But then trademarks become so powerful and then the first meaning loses
the meaning. à It will be an exam question.
Like
selpak, jeep, and fed-ex, aspirin etc… These are not secondary meaning. This
are generic words.
Slayt
number 12.
Ip rights
are rights. Freespeach is a right protected. Bad-fate infringers uselly tries
to use the value of trademarks. Taking advantages of the value of another
trademark. This is abusing their right.
What if I
came up with coca cola as baverge ? à Consumers will be confused. And
secondly trademark will be damaged by the bad reputation. Consumers have
expectation from the trademarks like Rolex. So it will damage the trademarks.
In infringements you receive a wrong massage.
--Technically
speaking if there is no confusion, there is no infringement.
--Trademarks
have really strong bases on unfair competition law.
Contributory
infringement à if you act to infringe the
trademark… yardımcı ihlalci. J
Slayt
Number 13 of trademark
Godiva vs
Dogiva remember the case for it.
For
dilution you have to show damages not the confusion.
Slayt
Number 14 of trademark
Somebody is
infringing the trademark, what are the defenses? à How do you fight back? à Do you remember the goat and salat story or
the playboy or teen story. You say it is not mineJ
The first
defence is the you should never been given a trademark to that product. Like
ihsan loran and loubeten case.
Second one
is you are not using it. Why this is important? à If you just register a trademark without real
product. Secondly a trademark gives a massage. What is the massage? à I am built by that company. But if there is no
product or use then there is no message… This is why can be used in the suit.
Because if there is no product then you cannot associate the product with the
trademark.
When you
file the trademark for registration, you are not using that trademark but you
can register. If in five years you didn’t produce the real product then your
trademark will be taken from you. (will be asked in exam)
How long a
trademark continue? à 10 years in Turkey. After ten years
you can renew it. So it is renewable.
(will be asked in exam)
If you stop
using a trademark for a period, if the five years pass then you lose the
trademark.
How can you
abandon a trademark? à Eğer volswagen için türkiyedeki
firmalar başka başka şeyler kullansalardı. Mesela doğuş grup yeşil arka plan
kullansa filan. Ve eğer volswagen affirmative action yapmazsa kaybeder
trademarkı…
Özetle ya
senin trademarkı alamazdın yani olmaması lazım demek. Ya da var ama
kullanmıyorsun dolayıyıssla hakkını kaybettin ya da biz bu hatayı yaparken sen
affirmative action almadın demek.
Then there
is a fair use… à You are saying yes I am using the
trademark but you don’t have the right to sue me ;)
Slayttaki
ilkià like you are writing an criticizing
article like for BMW car.
Slaytta
ikincià Nominative fair use: Davalı
davacının markasına atıf yaparak kullanıyor. Mesela carfeur pınarın sütünün
aynısını üretiyoruz biz derse. Bu nominative reference olur çünkü there is no confusion.
Slayttaki
üçüncü à Parody: Good parody does not cause
confusion like, (this is based on free speech) The best case is PETA case… PETA
(Peoplse Etical treatment animal) In this case PETA:com but (people eating
teasting animals) and it pissed off the peta guys.
Slayt 14
trademark
What is
cybersquatting? à
Squatters: gelip evine çökmek manasında mesela öğrenci evine gelen
öğrenciler gibi… Cybersquattingà using someone else trademark in a domain name
and you wait. Then the trademark come to you and have to pay you to buy the
domain name.
Anticybersquatting
act (lanham act this is the trademark act at US)
WIPO is the
UN for IP J World Intellectual Property
Organization.
You should
understand the domain name and trademark connection…
Iki şartı
var geri almak için biri benzerlik ikincisi ise kötü niyet.
2.saat
Last
slayt on trademark
There is no
such a think international trademark, patent, copyright… what does it mean? à Like mavi jeans have to go to US trademark
office to have trademark protection in US. But if you want to do it in 25
countries. This is difficult for the appliers.
This
international trademark system does not create international trademark system
but this is an easy way to apply to other countries trademark. With this
organization you apply with one application file you apply for what countries
protection and this organization send your file to other countries.
This is
organization is WIPO. I always ask this bonus question “ where is the WIPO
stated?” à In genova…
Patents
We have
trademarks, patents and copyrights.
Patents are
the hardest part of class. There is no such a think “ I got patent on my
trademark.”
Patents are
about inventions. In the first slide Micheal Jackson’s patent.
2. Slayt
Decree Law
551 (1995)
The first
article is good.
3. Slayt
What is an
invention? à Inventions solve problems.
Invention is not a discovery. Inventions are technical solutions of technical
problems.
What are
the 3 requiremetns for patenets? à ınventions and patents are not
always same thing. You have to take some steps to patent it. Requirements novelty, inventive step,
applicablility to industry.
Novelty is
about being new. Absolute novelty à There shuldn’t be any written or
oral disclosures . Mesela aidse çağre buldunuz. Fakat sonra gidip bir yerlerde
anlattınız. Artık bunun patentini alamazsınız.Kesin yenilik yani asla başka
biri konuşmamış yazmamış bulmamış olacak. Fakat relative novelty ise belirli
bir yerde bir bağlantısı olması lazımdır.
Inventive
step; the patent shouldn’t be obvious. Patent office look at the accumulated
human knowledge
Applicability
to industry à It’s very simple requirement. The
appliciblity shouldn’t be impossible like proportional motion machine.
13 Ekim 2011
Usually
exam formats short question and short answer… He really wants short answers…
Answer the question in the order… 10 questions will be asked. Three
requirements of patents, what is the delusion… etc… the difference between
patent and trademark… 551 law…
Novelty: It
should be new compare to known prior art. (prior technology)
Inventive
Step: we don’t look it has been done but we look it could been done.
Applicability
to industry: It can be done.
Page 6 of
Patents:
We protect
the product and/or methods. He will ask inventive step and process and machine
protection part. Utility patent.
Page 8:
Enabling
disclosure: the fact that people talk about it doesn’t make it prior art. To be
prior art it should be written how to be done… Time Machine
Star wars:
episode 4 à Obione carboni (something like
that) First star wars 1977…
Time
machine car à Dolare 1984
Can you
patent an idea? à No, because… (classic exam
question.)
What is the
academic exception in the patents? Exception to the employee-employer rules in
Turkey.
Exam
question: he will give us a lot date and ask for when the patent protection
over? à Just look for application date.
What the
patent application contains? à Description…
àWhen you invent something you have 3
options; to be trade secret, patent, utility model…
Instead of
going each country you can use international patent sytem called EPC or PCT and
you have 12 monhts from the application at Turkey to apply to these system… And
the protection given by the another country start at the same time with
application date. So in that 12 months (to the date you apply) you have
priority. We call this priorty period.
PCT system
is not one application and one patent system. It is unified application but you
get different patents. In EPC system your application is one and patent is one
but it has to be transferred to every single country.
In exam we
are responsible until to TRIPS.
What is the
international patent systems?
What is the
difference between inventive step and novelty ?
24 Kasım 2011
No class
next week…
Patents
protect invention. Do we have international protection for patents? à No. But if you would like international
protection you use PCT and EPC
And we
started TRIPS…
TRIPS means
AGREEMENT ON TRADE-RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. It is an
exam question. (Trade-Related Intellectual Properties)
TRIPS, EU
lawdaki directiveler gibi. Yani en alt seviyeyi söylüyor altına inemezsin ama
üstüne çıkabilirsin.
The
difference between absolute novelty and relative novelty à China has relative novelty for the tree steps.
China went to front of WTO because of it doesn’t fulfill the TRIPS about
absolute novelty step.
WTO has
also dispute resolution system. TRIPS yani çok güçlü bir ülkeye karşı küçük bir
ülke arasında bir uyuşmazlık olunca alternative olarak küçük ülkeye sen de onun
IP haklarını ihlal edebilirsin diyor.
COPYRIGHTS
We moved on
to COPYRIGHTS
Copyrights
protects movies, books, music, software…
(don’t forget software)
Copyright
is kind of questioning do you have a right to copy?
Copyrights
protect the express of idea not the idea itself. Mesela kitabı yazacağımı korumaz
ama yazılan kitabı korur. Patentteki gibi düşünebilirsiniz.
Work is the
output of something. (the answer of what is the work?)
Copyrights
doesn’t have to be registered. But registration is optional. But if you
registration proves the time to create that work. And registration office is
the ministry of culture.
When the
copyright of Orhan Pamuk’s Kar book? à We don’t know that because he isn’t death yet.
In joint
works every author should be death to count the time.
Works for
hire expiry date is, date of creation not the from the date of death.
What is
copyright? à Work of original authorship fixed
on a tangible medium.
What is
original mean? à It should be new. It should be
creative. It should not be copied.
Creativity
is relative word. So in short it has to be original.
Facts are
kind of different.
“Deminimis
rule” à It should be a little bit long. Not
too short.
What is the
fixation requirement? à Yani bir şiiri düşününce değil
yazınca fixed yapmış olursunuz. Yani kalıcı olabilecek bir şeye kaydedilmesi
gerekir. Fixation requirement is really broad but it has to be only tangible.
How long
the fixation has to be? à It should be sufficiently permanent
and stable to be perceived, communicated or copied. It should be more than
transitory period.
What is we
don’t protect under copyright? à Ideas, procedures, processes,
systems, methods of operation, concepts, discoveries
Merger
doctrine: when there is limited ways to express the idea… You don’t have any
other way to express your idea.
Fictional
Characters? Can be copyrighted.
Who wrote
james bond? Bonus question.
What is
first james bond? Bonus question.
Who is the
first lady of France?
Compilations?
à ya işte derlemelerin esas aldığı
şeylerin copyrigth’ı bites bile o derlemeyi yapan kişinin o derlemesinin
copyrightı vardır.
Derivative
works: Based on pre-existing work. (Translations, Fictionalization, Movie of a
Book, Only to the original work contributed by derivative author.) Mesela
ingilizce bir kitabın copyright’ı bitse bile siz yine bunu çeviri yapsanız
bunun çeviri hakkı devam eder. Ama başka biri kitabı kullanarak çeviriyi
yeniden yapabilir.
08.12.2011
Yemeksepetinin
sahıbı gelecek hacaabi…
GBA à Galata Business Angels… (bonus question)
Indecent
Proposal (he talked about this movie)
Derivative
Works we just finished.
What Rights
adlı slayttayız şimdi;
-distribute:
yani dağıtılmasını istemediğiniz bir copyright hakkınızı başkalarının
dağıtmasını engelleyebilirsiniz.
-publicly
perform: bir kitabın tiyatroda
oynanmasını engelleyebilir yazar. Resimler dışı çünkü resimleri publicly
perform edemezsiniz.
-public
displays: architecture ise just outside of it. He didn’t tell the reason. But
you cannot display of a sound. YOu can only transmiss the sound.
Cont adlı
slayta geçtik;
Copyright
owner have other rights. You have a right claim authorship.
Copying
adlı slayt;
What is
copy? à
What are
the two thing that shows you copied something? à Access to original work and similarity. If
there is no access then there is no copying. (exam)
(bonus
questionàwhat is the deepest whole in the
World? à marien falls.)
5 Aralık 2011
Hocanın
stajeri olmak isteyen varsa hocaya CV (varsa) ile başvurabilirler. 15 ocağa
kadar süreniz var. E-mailinizi staj başlığıyla atınız.
We stil in
copyright. We will finish copyright and start little bit of licensing.
Copying
Adlı slayttayız;
What are the two thing that shows you copied
something? à Access to original work and
similarity. If there is no access then there is no copying.
First Sale
Doctrine’deyiz;
The
definition is à Copyright fallow an initial lawful
transfer of title to the 3rd party…
What is
lawful transfer of title? à sale, donation, inheritance.
What is
unlawful transfer of title? à It could be stealing.
Mülkiyetin
hukuki geçişi denilince ilk başta akla satış gelir genelde.
Copyrights
are attached to the tangible products in general. Mesela bir liraya fotokopi
çıkarabileceksiniz. Kitap 8 liradır. Ama sizing 7 lira daha fazla vermenizin
sebebi o kitap numunesi için copyright’ıda satın almanızdır.
Siz bir
kitabı alınca o kitap sizin olur. Siz
isterseniz o kitabı yakabilirsiniz. Sonuçta sizindir. Peki kitabı fotokopi
çektirebilir misiniz? à Hayır çünkü onu satma ihtimaliniz
vardır. Ve bu copyright’I ihmaldir.
Ama siz
fotokopi çekmeden kitabın aslını verirseniz ne olur? Copyright o somut maddeye
yani tangible material’a iliştiğinden onunla birlikte geçer ve siz onu
arkadaşınıza verebilirsiniz. Çünkü first sale doctrine buna izin veriyor. Çünkü
her copyright her kitaba yada tangible maddeye ilişmiştir. (attached) Ve siz
kitabı bir kez alınca o kitap için o copyright’I da alırsınız ve kitabı
başkasına da satabilirsiniz isterseniz kullandırabilirsiniz de. Ama ayrıca yeni
bir varlık olan fotokopi oluşturamazsınız. Yani First sale doctrine has two
faces. The first one is you cannot make a new product (like fotocopy) but on
the other hand you get the copyright so you can do whatever you want like you
can keep it, you can sell it.
Slaytlarda
olmayana birşey; Sony Betamax case. DVD ve VCD’lerden once videotapes ler
vardı. Betamax ve başka birşey daha vardı. Sony betamax’I yapabiliyordu. Ve
sony kimseye vermiyordu lisansını. TV producers started to sue sony because
with betamax you could copy the TV programs. Sony said what can I do. Ama
onların karşı argümanı ise şuydu; sony bu insanların copyright infiringement
yapmasına yardım ediyor dedi hatta sebep oluyor dedi ama bunun için sony’nin bu
infringement için ürettiğini ispatlaması gerekiyordu. Sony ise biz sadece
timeshifting için ürettik dedi ayni başka zaman daha sonar izleyebilmeleri için
ürettik dedi. Karşı taraf ise dedi ki ama işte bir kaç kez izliyorlar
başkalarına veriyorlar dediler. Ama asıl dedikler şey millet reklamları
geçiyordu dediler.
Rentals? à Siz biyerden dvd kiraladığınızda 1 haftanız
oluyor. Peki siz bunu başkalarına verirseniz burada first sale doctrine
uygulanır mı? Hayır çünkü there is no lawful transfer of title.
Cinemas? à Tiyartrolarda size aslında verilen şey o
belirli sürede o koltuğu kiralıyorlar. Aslında o anlık satıyorlar gibi…
İnfringment
adlı slayttayız;
Contributory
infringement; betamax’taki örnekteki gibi eğer sizin ilk amacınız insanların
ihlal etmesi değilse suçlu olmayabilirsiniz. Ama eğer ilk amacınız insanların
infringement etmesine yardımcı olmaksa contributory infringemetn’tan sorumlu
olmalısınız. Mesela eğer siz dvd’lerin kopyalanmasını engelleyen kodları kırmak
için bir program yaparsnız contributory infringement yapmış olursunuz.
Safe Harbor
provision à Actual notice of there is an infringement
[Olay şu youtube mesela youtube’a bir çok şey yükleniyor. Ama neden youtube
sorumlu olmuyor? Çünkü safe harbor provision’dan dolayı. Yani şimdi eğer sen
dersen ki youtube olarak ben infringement olduğunu bildiğim yada bilmem
gerektiği zamanda hemen o hak ihlalini kaldıracağım. Yani kısaca videoyu
kaldıracağım dersen işin sonunda contributory infringement’dan sorumlu
olmazsın. Ama uymazsna bu safe harbor provisionsa o zaman contributory
infringement yapmış olursun.
Fair use
adlı slayttayız;
Fair use is
a defence. You are being sued by copyright infringement. In this defence You
accept that you did infringe but you have a right to do that. Ve hoca
listelemiş hangi kurallarda olacağını. Burada dikkat etmeniz işin bokunu
çıkramamış yani yaklaşık olarak hepsini kullanmamak gibidir. Yani siz belli bir
kısmını kullanabilirsiniz izin almadan yada para ödemeden ama bunun için bazı
amaçlarınız olacaktır.
Reverse
engineering ; şimdi software’larda şöyle oluyor. Bazı kodlar açık kod oluyor
ama bazıları copyrighted kodlar oluyor. Şimdi sizing o kodları açmanız
infringementtır fakat eğer siz o copyrighted olmayan açık kodlara ulaşmak için
yapıyorsunuz. İşte bu durumda fair use defence is applicable.
2. Saat
Licensing
OF IP ‘ye geçtik.
En önemli
kısmıdır bu dersin.
CIPO à Cheaf IP officer.
Did any of
you was a part of licensing contract? à Yes you do. Microsoft. Facebook.
Linkedin.
Licensing
Agreement adlı slayttayız;
What is a
License? à A promise not to sue for
infringement. In general in exchange of money but we call it ROYALTY. In this
there is no transfer of title. The title always remain at the owner. Maybe the
usage of thing can be transferred but the title always remains at owner.
In the
tradesecret, can you license a tradesecret? à yes you can but it is just more harder to keep
it secret if you license but it is possible with the confidential clauses.
Can you
license a geographic indicators like Şampanya, Amasya elmasındaki amasya? à no. Because you cannot license someone who is
not producing wankling wine in Shampain so in the nature of that you cannot do
that.
2.
licensing Agreement adlı slayttayız;
There is
two parties in the licensing agreement. Licensor who is giving license,
licensee who purchase the license.
Why is
licensing is important? à you can enter in the new market
(businesses), you can get money from your product (like Playboy gets %10 of its
profit from licensing its logo (trademark), you can get money for your
investment(licensing patents))
Licensing
can be mandatory? Sometimes you have to license because of law. In Turkey you
have to license a patent in certain conditions. Like you have to use your
patent otherwise you have to license or court force you to give your license to
licensee.
22 Aralık 2011
Licensing
Agreements adlı slayttayız.
Bu slayt is
the most practical slayt. This is very basic of what a licensing should
include…
A license
is a promise from licensor not to sue the licensee in the exchange of money.
We have two
type of licenses. Exclusive license excludes everybody else. One person only
can get in the IP garden. So this is exclusive license. So what is
non-exclusive license? à more then one licensees…
Alman bir
şirket bir teknoloji üretiyor. Sonra onu amerikalı çok büyük bir şirkete
satıyor. Ama exclusive license olarak veriyor. Ve düşünüyorlar ki bu gelen
parayla bu teknolojiyi geliştirirz. Ama sonra amerikalılar dava açıyor benim
license haklarımı ihlal ediyor diyo. Almanlar lan biz verdik onu size zaten
diyor. Ama işte sadece bir kişi kullanabilir exclusive license o da
licensee’dir ama bunun aksini istiyorsanız o hakkınızı saklı tutmanız lazım.
Meseal I am reserving the advirtesment rights.
It has to
be in writing and you have to specifically impress (write) that it is an
exclusive license.
You can do
a very broad license. You can limit the license as well. Like geographic area.
(I can say I will use this patent in Turkey.) You can limit with time. ( it is
automatically limited with the protection of IP) You can give two exclusive
license with the limite product line. (like one is for car sector the other is
for ships)
In the
licensing you always keep one stick in the banch of stick. What is that? à Ownership.
Sub-licensing
right is “asking licensor to bring a friend to garden of Licensing Garden”.
Yani şu demek alt- kira gibi. Kiracı alt kiracıya verebilir kiralanını. Şimdi
bunda licensee will be sub-licensor and the 3rd party will be
sub-licensee. In agreements, you have to specifically say you get sub-licensing
right otherwise you don’t get sub-licensing rights. In short, contract has to
contain sub-licensing clause açıkça.
Licensingagreemnts
adlı slayttayız. (other type of’la başlayan)
Distributor
agreements ( I am the wolsvagen group in german, in Turkey doğuş grup is
dirtributor of wolsvagen.) In general distributor agreements have licensing of
Trademark. It could be others as well.
Maintenance
and Support Agreements (gerekli desteği sağlayacağım sen eğer bunu alırsan
filan demek gibi bişey)
2. Saat
A fully
paid-up’la başlayan slayttayız.
You can
have a fully paid up license. Give me 1 million dollars now and then you won’t
see me again. (up front = fully paid)
Running
royalties
The rates
can be on sales/per unit/profit.
It is not
logical to make running royalties on profit because it is really easy to play
with numbers on profit. Even there is you can show there is non.
You can
have a periodic fixed fees. It is not the best because your product could make
more than that amout..
There can
be combination of lump sum payments and
rates. The most important thing that you should remind is it should be simple.
KISS à Keep it simple stupid
Key Terms
in Licensing Agreement adlı slayttayız.
Başlık
olur. Sonra parties olur. Like party A and Party B… Then there is recitals
(whereas) clauses and these are resolves the misunderstandings because you
write why you are making this contract. Then grant clauses and limitations.
Definitions would be after recitals.
Pearless
case, iki tane pearless gemisi varmış. Dolayısıyla geminin geliş tarihi
karışmış. Mahkeme iradelerin uyuşması olmdığından sözleşme yoktur dolayısıyla
ihlalde yoktur demiş.
Look at the
slides…
Licensing
means that you are using your patent or TM (In Turkish law you have to use your
patent)
Audit à right to control their accounting… because
they can lie about the numbers to reduce the royalty payment. à Most companies do not want to give this right
to other companies. In general because of this problem they agree for third
party auditors. (If there is no agreement on auditing in general they do not do
that. At least you cannot force them.)
29 Aralık 2011
Dispute
resolution mechanism à every agreement has competence
clauses. But if you have a license agreement which is international. You have
to decide which court and which law will be applied. àvenue and law are problems. Because both party
doesn’t want to go to other country. Because of that you have to put a dispute
resolution mechanism. à So you might choose arbitration.
But for this you have to put a really good arbitration clause. When it is good?
à In arbitration courts judges
doesn’t have to be lawyers. On very complex cases, if the amount is so high,
you choose arbitration because it is faster and you can do what ever you want
but you can’t in normal courts.
Other
Issues adlı slayttayız;
Implied
licenses (örtülü)
Shrink wrap
à Yani sen anlaşmıyorsun. Ama aldığın
şeyi açmanla o konuda anlaşmış sayılıyorsun. Son zamanlarda artık cd filan
almadığımızdan artık buna “click licensing” diyorlar. (Exam question à per click license or shrink wrap?)
Anti-Competitive
Considerations adlı slayttayız.
Netscape
olayını anlattı hoca.
Exam
question à Tie in ? à You tie an un protected technology in a patented
technology. à That is an anti competitive license
agreement whereby licensor ties in an un protected technology to a patented
technology. (Sana şu teknolojiyi satarım ama bunu da alırsan diyorsun fakat
bunu yaparken sen kendinin marketteki özel konumunu kullanıyorsun.)
We’ve seen
3 elements of IP law. We briefly talked about tradesecret but it is not
actually IP. And we have seen Licensing agreements. All of IP rights are
subject to license. Because you can transfer a patent, sell it or license it.
For your
final exam, you will be responsible for whole semesther. Check-out the cases on
the Linkedin.
2.saat
Bir dava
var. RIM vs. NTP à RIM Blackberry’nin araştırmalarını
yapan şirket. Öbür tarafta NTP diye bir şirket var. NTP kendi başına önemli.
Ama davanın geneli şöyle: NTP’Nin elinde bir patent var ve bu patent
blackberry’nin sisteminde kullanılan bir teknoloji. Ve diyor ki, şurada
kullandığın alan benim patentim dolayısıyla dava açacağım. Amerikada açılıyor
dava. Amerikada bir patent davası açılınca ihtiyadi tedbir alabiliyor. Kolayca.
Yani dava çözümlenene kadar Blackberry amerika da telefon satamayacaktır. Siz
Blackberry olsaydınız bu durumu düşünür müydünüz? à Tabi ki düşünürdünüz. Blackberry en önemli
piyasasını kaybetmeyi düşünüyordu. RIM vs. NTP yazarsanız google’a özeti
çıkacaktır. Blackberry davayı devam ettirseydi kazanacaktı. Dava devam ederken
Blackberry’nin iki seçeneği vardı. Ya biz haklıyız diyecekti ya da ihtiyacı
olmayan bir şekilde patenti alacaktı. Blackberry ise 650 milyon dolarlık bir
anlaşma ile anlaştılar. Bu haklı mıydı? à Evet. Çünkü onlar açıklandıktan sonra 700
milyon dolar artış sağladı hisseleri. Dolayısıyla bu anlaşma ile bir günde 50
milyon dolarlık kâr ettiler.
NTP kim
peki? à bu şirketin tek aktifi var. Bir
tane patent. Ne bir çalışanı, ne başka bir şeyi. Yani aslında yasal bir şantaj
yapıyor. NTP hukuki değimiyle NPE (non-practising enstutite deniyor = patenet
troll) à Patent Troll’ler ne yapıyorlar.
Patent topluyorlar ve açık gördükleri yerde büyük firmalara yasal olarak
kullanıyorlar. NTP à bir troll’dür. [Exam case]
Sınav 20
soru olacaktır. Bir kaç bonus olacaktır.
Hoca
galatasaraylı…
Sloganlar
copyrightable’dır. Ama hangi mekanizma daha uygun koruma için sloganda markanın
daha uygun olduğunu düşünüyorum.
Cases:
Loubeten, Hells Engells, Betamaks, Victoria Secret (dilution) davası, Dogavia
vs Godavia (tarnishment or dilution örneği şeklinde bir soru olabilir.)
Şimdi,
public display ile public performance farkı nadir? à Public perofrmanse dediğimiz hikaye o
performansı yapmaktır. Nedir bu tiyatrodur, özel bir dans, konser olabilir.
Bunun temelindeki copyright nadir? à Tiyatroysa onun temelinin alındığı
kitaptır. (orada istisna olarak yazan (slaytta) resmi perform etmek mümkün
olmadığı için)mantıken birşey var.)
Public display dediğin şey ise vitrine koymak aslında bir nevi. BU biraz
daha bir resim bir heykel için geçerlidir. Yani sen bir resmin sahibiysen bunun
sergilenmesini veya sergilenmemesi hakkına sahipsin gibi birşey.
Merger
Doctrine à Copyrighttaki, eğer copyrightla
kurduğunu iddia ettiğin texti başka bir şekilde söyleyemiyorsan. Tek yol oysa,
pantentin 3 requirementı var. Bunda ne kadar yaratıcı olursa olsun bunu
söylemenin başka yolu yoktur. à Yani söyleme şekli değil fikri
koruma altına almamak için bu doctrine oluşmuştur.
(Exam)
Right to publicity and right to privacy? à publicty biraz marka değeri de var.
Privacy’nin ise bunla ilgisi yok. Bunu hoca sormayı seviyor.
(Exam) What
are the two requirements of infringement of copyright? à Kesin çıkacak bu soru.
Hungry as a
see “Wilber simith” (bonus question)
Early stage
technology… (soru üzerine değinildi biraz üstüne…)
Audit hakkı
olmazsa karşılaşacağınız problem, grant clause olursa başka ne olması lazım?
(royalty clause), preamble nedir?,
whereas’in faydası nadir? Gibi sorular sorar hoca…
Lisans
anlaşmasını iki şekilde monitery etmen
lazım. Bir paranı almak için bunu yapman lazım. Markalarda da senin
belirlediğin prensiplere gore uyguladığını tespit etmen lazım.
What is a
Safe Harbor provisionà (exam question) (burada napster’I anlatmıştı)
IP Soruları
1-) What
are the three requirements of a patent? Define each one.*
a)Novelty:
-In novelty
the invention has to be new.
-Absolute
novelty; there must no speech or paper about it. There must be no written or
oral disclosure.
-It is
compared document to document and compared with the information used before by
human knowledge (prior art)
For
example; if you find treatment to AIDS and give a speech in US, then you cannot
get patent because the novelty is violated.
b)
Inventive step:
If an
average expert in this area can easily be able to apply then there is no
inventive step. (For example; you know chocolate and you know kruvasan and you
put it together. Everyone can easily do this. So there is no inventive step.)
c)Applicability
to industry:
-It could
be applied to industry.
-your
invention has to be physically possible to built it. (perpetual motion machine
is not possible to do under physic rules.)
2-) What
is the “secondary meaning”? Give an example.*
In first
place, it is not a famous trademark but later it gains the distinctiveness and
becomes a powerful trademark. It loses its first meaning and second meaning
gains reputation.( For example; Hilton, McDonalds are people names but when you
say these word you firstly understand the second meaning.)
3-) How
long the trademark can be protected?
-10 years
in Turkey. After ten years you can renew it. So it is renewable.
4-)What
is “applicability to industry”? Give an example.*
-It could
be applied to industry.
-your
invention has to be physically possible to build it. (perpetual motion machine
is not possible to do under physic rules.)
5-)What
is the academic exception of patents? (What is the exception of employee
invention rule in Turkey?)*
If an
employee invents something the owner of company gets the patent. Like in
Arçelik there are some engineers making inventions but Arçelik gets the patent.
The exception of this rule is if a professor(academician) invent something
–even he is employee of university- could get the patent of his invention.
6-)How
do you create a trademark?
7-)What
is dillution? *
It is a
type of infringement which is only applied to valuable, powerful, strong
trademarks. Normally a trademark is protected in only the area of the company
work, but in these kind of powerful trademarks it is protected in all areas.
And even the small infringements which could constitute consumer
misunderstanding (like McSleep Hotels) and affect the value of company will
cause dillution. It has two types. In blurring, there is no likelihood of
confusion necessary. Defendant uses plaintiffs mark reducing the strong
association of plaintiffs mark with its good. (McSleep Hotels à McDonalds’ blurring image) In tarnishment,
defendant uses plaintiffs mark in an unwholesome manner. (Godiva vs. Dogivaà Godiva does not want its consumers eating
chocolate remember dog food.)
8-) What
are the difference between utility model and patent?*
-Utility
model will be protected for ten years but patents will be protected for 20
years.
-Utility
model procedure is fast and cheap but patent procedure expensive and slow.
-In utility
model there is no inventive step but patent has an inventive step.
9-) What
is the difference between trade secret and patent?
Trade
secret has value in trade. It gives a competitive advantage and it is an
information. On the other hand, patent can be also used in trade. But the
protection of patent is absolute and for limited time. But in trade secret
there is no protection under IP law but it has no limit for time. Like Coca
Cola’s formula is a trade secret. With this Coca Cola is still protecting (125
years) its formula. If Coca Cola would have chosen the patent, after 20 years
everyone could use its formula.
10-)
What is the enabling disclosure?*
It is not
important that the product is available or not in theory, the important thing
is how to build it. (Like every people can thing about flying cars. But you if
you make a flying car you can get patent for it)
11-) Can
you patent an idea? Why?
No. Ideas
cannot be protected because patent does not protect how you think to do it. It
protects what you invent on the end of invention steps. Steps must be given in
detail. You have to disclose how you do this stuff. (Star Wars’ Gleamsword
cannot be patented unless it is really done in real world.)
12-)
When the patent protection over? (How long patent protection continues?)
The
protection starts with the date of application and continues for 20 years. So
patents over 20 years later from application date.
13-) How
many option when you invent something?
3 options: You
can choose patent, utility model, trade secret.
14-)
What is the difference between generic term and secondary meaning?*
In
secondary meaning firstly it is not a good trademark but later it gains the
distinctiveness and became a good trademark. It looses its first meaning but
second meaning gains reputation. In generic marks, trademark stated to describe
the product. The trademark looses its distinctiveness and become generic.
Whereas in
secondary meaning trademark is gaining distinctiveness, in generic term
trademark loses its distinctiveness. (Like Mc Donald’s for secondary meaning
and for generic term zipper, selpak) If a trademark gains a secondary meaning
it will be protected but if a trademark becomes generic term the protection is
over and cannot be renewable any longer.
15-)
What is priority period? (How many months you have to apply to international
patent systems?)
Instead of
going each country to register your patent, you can use international patent
system called EPC or PCT and you have 12 months from the application date at
Turkey to apply to these systems… And the protection given by another country
starts at the same time with application date. So in that 12 months period (to
the date you apply) you have priority. We call this priority period.
16-)What
is the difference of trade mark and patent?*
-Patents
for inventions but trademarks for symbols, words, phrases etc.
-While
patent will be protected for 20 years, trademarks’ protection is 10 years.
-Unlike
patent, trademark protections are renewable.
-There is
no international trademark system but there is international patent systems
like PCT; EPC.
17-)Compare
novelty and prior art?
The term
–prior art- constitutes all information that has been made available to public
in any form before a given date that might be relevant to a patens claim of
originality. Invention has been described in prior art, a patent is not valid.
18-)Why
do you need patent protection?
When you
invent something, you can sell it to other people. But if you sell it without
patent protection, the other people can sell it too. So if there is 100.000
consumers and 10 sellers your market will be 10.000. But if you protect it you
will have a market with 100.000 consumers. So we need patent because we as an inventor
want to have more consumers to sell our product and be prior to the other
competitors. We kind of want to be monopoly… And you can get some money from
the infringers.
19-) Who
can get patent protection?
Inventor
must be only a natural person. It cannot be legal persons. However applicant
for patent may be legal or natural person. So natural or legal persons can get
patent protection.
20-)
What is the international patent systems?
There is
two international patent system; PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty) and EPC
(European Patent Convention). In these systems there is no single application
and single protection. You have to apply for all countries. But if you apply to
TPO (Turkish Patent Office) for protection in some other countries in one
application, they make copies of these applications and send them to the
countries national patent offices. So you will be able to have patent
protection in different countries.
21-)What
is the difference between inventive step and novelty ?*
1. sorudaki
cevaplara bakınız.
22-) Which
law regulate the trademark in Turkey?
556 Decree
Law
23-)
Which law regulate the patent in Turkey?
551 Patent
Law
Bonus
QUESTİONS
1) Where is WIPO? à Genova
2) First stars wars (episode 4) – 1977
3) Time machine car in “back to the
future” à Dolare 1984
4) Gleam Sword- Obi Wan Kenobi (died in
4th episode)
5) Thomas Edison patented the light
bulb, but actually Nicola Tesla invented the light bulb.
1) What does “TRIPS” mean?
Agreement
on Trade Related Aspect on Intellectual Property Rights. (En az şunu yazın:
Trade Related to Intellectual Property.)
2)What the copyright protects?
Movies,
books, music, software, blueprints etc.
3)What are the two things that shows you copied
something? (How do you prove infringement of copyright?)
-Access to
original work, -Strikingly Similarity
4)What is the first sale doctrine?
First sale
doctrine has two faces; the first is you cannot make a new product (like photocopy)
but on the other hand you get the copyright for that product so you can do
whatever you want (like you can sell it to someone else or you can burn the
book)
5)What is shrink wrap and click licensing?
By opening
the package of product, it is accepted that purchaser agrees the terms of
license agreement. Click licensing is the same thing with shrink wrap but for
internet version. When you click the button “I agree with fallowing”, you
become a party of license agreement.
6)What is mean issue of Napster Case?
Napster was
a file sharing site which people were sharing music. Music companies sued the
Napster because of copyright infringement. Even Napster wasn’t sharing the mp3
files, they made it possible to infringe. So Napster was sued by “contributory
infringement”. They checked the statistic of sharing and the result was 99% mp3
files. Court said your main aim is not something else so Napster loses the
case. (Court was checking “is their main aim is something else or just helping
people to ifnringe”)
7)What is license?
It is a
promise not sue for infringement in exchange of money. It is not transferring
of title so it is not selling the IP right.
8)Can a license agreement be oral?
No. It has
to be written and it is a mandatory requirement. (Sıhhat şartı) For exclusive
license you have to write into agreement clearly.
9)How can you limit a license agreement? (Can
the license agreement be limited?
Yes. You
can limit the scope of license agreement by time, geographic scope and sector.
But can you limit a patent license for 25 years? à No because patents expiry in 20 years. So the
limitation has a limit with IP duration.
10)What does “tie in” mean?
It means if
you want to buy this, you also have to buy the other. The licensor tie the
unprotected technology in the protected technology. It is an anti-competitive
license agreement.
11) What is the NPE?
Non-practicing
Entity. It is a patent troll which collects patents from everywhere they found,
and then they use these patent to sue big companies and get lots of moneys.
12)What is “safe harbor” provision?
Youtube
does not upload the videos, it just make it possible for people to upload the
videos. Therefore Youtube act in contributory infringement with the infringers.
So Youtube is liable for this infringement normally, however there is safe
harbor provisions saying that Youtube cannot deal with all the infringements.
So if copyright holder notice to youtube or youtube knows that there is an
infringement, youtube must delete the files. Otherwise youtube is responsible.
But if youtube deletes in reasonable time then youtube cannot be responsible
for contributory infringement.
13)What is the main issue of Sony-Betamax case?
Sony had a
product called Betamax which can record TV programs. TV channels sued the Sony
because people were recording their programs with that machine. They claimed
that Sony was doing contributory infringement. Sony had an argument that people
copying those programs not for economical purpose but time-shifting. So their
main goal is not to infringe copyright but to make people able watch programs.
So sony won the case.
14)What is the difference of “right of
publicity” and “right of privacy”?
In right of
privacy, person’s private life is protected but this doesn’t have an infringement
of IP law. In right of publicity, person’s IP rights are protected like
trademark values. In privacy you take pictures of Brad Pitt’s pictures in his
home. In publicity you press his photo on bags. (Publicity- Use of one’s
identity for commercial use, privacy- unwanted intrusion)
15)What is the “merger doctrine”?
Idea is not
protected normally, but if there is no other way to express the idea, then the
idea and the expression way are merged. If you protect the expression then you
protect the idea. In result, in these situation you cannot get Copyright
Protection for these things. (E=mc2)
16)What does the “fixation” mean?
Making it
tangible in the real life.
17)What does “Fair Use” mean?
Fair use is
a defence. You are being sued by copyright infringement. In this defence you
accept that you did infringe but you have a right to do that. (Like, Criticism
– comment, News reporting, Teaching, Scholarship research, Parody, Reverse
engineering (decompile) ok if for access to the unprotected ideas, Non profit
educational purpose /nature of orignal work / the amount / the effect on
potential value) But fair use must be proportionate.
Bonus Question
1) Who wrote “James Bond”?-->Ian Flemming
2) Who is the first “James Bond”?-->Sean Connery as Dr. No. (1962)
3)Who is the first lady of France ?-->Carla Bruni
4) What is GBA?-->Galata Business Angels
5) What is the deepest hole in the whole world?
àMarien Falls
6)What is
the CIPO? à Chief IP officer
7)Who is
the writer of “Jurassic
Park ”? àMichael Chrichton, Director is
Steven Spielberg.
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